Furthermore, a missense mutation in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 3 is associated with brachycephaly [45, 46] and the presence of a transposable element insertion in SPARK-related modular calcium binding protein (SMOC) 2 gene, which suppresses BMP pathway activity [47, 48], was reported to account for 36% of facial length variation in brachycephalic dogs [44]. The gene discussed is SMOC2; the disease is Brachycephaly.