Furthermore, in a recent publication, CIS43, was found to be a more potent inhibitor of P. falciparum sporozoite infectivity than mAb 2A10 (Kisalu et al, 2018) because of its bifunctionality, which enables it to inhibit sporozoites both at the inoculation site, where it acts on sporozoite motility (Fig 8C) and in the liver, where it inhibits proteolytic processing of CSP, which is required for hepatocyte infection (Coppi et al, 2005, 2011; Kisalu et al, 2018). The gene discussed is DNAJC5; the disease is infection.