In conclusion, we have identified a critical role for Shh in promoting PD-L1 upregulation on TAMs and that TAM-derived PD-L1 in the TME of HCC is a major and important source for PD-L1/PD-1 axis–mediated suppression on intratumor CD8+ T cells. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.