Aggravated inflammation, alveolar bone loss, macrophage infiltration, and M1-macrophage polarization in anti-Act1 periodontitis mice also indicate the possible role of macrophage-specific Act-1 on bone and cartilage degenerative inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. Here, TRAF3IP2 is linked to osteoarthritis.