The infection of murine in vitro generated Hoxb8 neutrophils with A. phagocytophilum induced the expression of inducible or type 2 nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2) mRNA and the secretion of significant amounts of MIP-1α (CCL3), RANTES (CCL5), and TNF (Gussmann et al., 2017). Here, TNF is linked to infection.