Using whole exome sequencing of eight UC-OGCs, a recent study demonstrated that genetic alterations observed in UC-OGC are closely similar to those identified in carcinogenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and include activating mutations in the oncogene KRAS and inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor genes CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4 (19). Here, SMAD4 is linked to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.