The TME context in LUADs has been reported not only to reflect the potential benefits from treatment (12–14), but also to predict patient survival (15, 16), which includes tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (e.g., CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and other cell types. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.