Nevertheless, the ability of DcR3 to upregulate IL-4 and IL-10 but simultaneously downregulate IFN-γ, IL-12, TNFα, and IL-17 after influenza hemagglutinin peptide stimulation (3) and in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model (14) was demonstrated. Here, TNF is linked to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.