Primary infection malaria ↑ CXCR+ T follicular (Tfh) ↑ IFN-γ producing  Vγ9+Vδ2+ T cells  Previously unexposed persons ↑ IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF  Asymptomatic malaria ↑ IL-10, TGF-β, CD4+Foxp3-  Th1 cells, Tregs ↑ TNF, IFN-γ  Repeated and persistent infection ↑ Atypical memory B cells. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and malaria.