PCOS is characterized by symptoms of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis dysfunction, including increased hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse frequency and GnRH quantity, as well as an elevated ratio of luteinizing hormone (LH) to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which contribute to excessive ovarian androgen production and ovulatory dysfunction (16, 17). Here, GNRH1 is linked to polycystic ovary syndrome.