In the CSF of patients with drug-naïve schizophrenia, levels of IL-1β were found elevated (38), whereas levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were reliably detectable and unchanged, and levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, granulocyte–macrophage-colony stimulating factor, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were at the level of detection and appeared unchanged. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is schizophrenia.