NFKB1 and respiratory system disorder: Wu Ling San (WLS) has been used to treat impairments of the regulation of body fluid homeostasis in Japan, China, and Korea (Ahn et al., 2012) through affecting the signal transduction pathway such as NF-kB, MAPKs, and HO-1 to demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects like MXSGT to treat pneumonia or respiratory diseases in lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages (Oh et al., 2014).