The EsophaCap was first tested in a pilot trial that reported the feasibility of using a 2-MDM model (vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3-VAV3 and zinc finger protein 682-ZNF682) with the EsophaCap to diagnose BO achieving 100% sensitivity and specificity in a highly enriched population comprising 20 BO patients 10 of whom had dysplasia and 20 controls [61]. This evidence concerns the gene VAV3 and dysplasia.