In addition to increased inflammatory mediators in response to acute diseases, increased production of leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine that controls energy metabolism and appetite and is metabolized in the kidney, and a significant decrease in the production of adiponectin, a hormone that regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, have been associated with an increased risk of AKI in obesity [30–32]. This evidence concerns the gene LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.