TNF and inflammatory response: Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18, have also been shown in various inflammatory conditions and, in this regard, a recent study showed that the microalga Euglena tuba can counteract the increased levels of inflammatory cytokines in an LPS-induced model of systemic inflammation [27].