Taking into account that HA interacts with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activates NF-κB, which leads to enhanced proliferation in GSC (236), the finding of Yoo et al. could explain the fact that oHA treatment improves the radiotherapy effect on GBM cells, since it might inhibit the protumor effect of HA induced by radiation. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is glioblastoma.