In human renal biopsy samples from diabetic nephropathy patients, enlarged lysosomes were visible by immunofluorescence staining of lamp1 (Supplementary Fig. S9a–c), while a patient with thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) as a nondiabetic and non-obese control demonstrated lamp1-positive lysosome as small dots (Supplementary Fig. S9d). This evidence concerns the gene LAMP1 and diabetic kidney disease.