Spatial analysis revealed a differential distribution according to immune cells proximity to the tumour, with a decreasing proportion of proliferating CD3+ (P < 0.001), CD8+ (P < 0.001), CD4+ (P < 0.001) and Foxp3+ (P < 0.001) T cells from the intratumoural region (A) to the distal location (C) (Fig. 2j, Supplementary Fig. 12, Supplementary Table 2). Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.