CXCL8 and gingivitis: Out of 10 biomarkers, 9 were differentially expressed (p value < 0.05) between health and periodontitis groups (with a fold change range of 0.49 to 9.69, except IL-8, whose ratio was close to 1 (1.17)); and 8 showed significant differences between health and gingivitis (with a fold change range between 0.85 and 4.97).