The GA-map dysbiosis test, outlined above, was originally developed and validated for diagnosis and prediction of IBD and IBS; however, studies have also applied the test to evaluate its correlation with the effect of various interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation, or FMT (17, –, 19), dietary interventions (20, –, 22), and anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy against ulcerative colitis, or UC (23). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.