Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors against PD-1/PD-L1 has markedly improved the treatment and outcome of multiple solid and hematological cancers (eg, non–small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, urothelial bladder carcinoma, triple-negative breast carcinoma, and classical Hodgkin lymphoma). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.