A clinical trial involving patients with stage IV NSCLC showed the benefits of immunotherapy consisting of protamine-protected, sequence-optimized mRNA (BI1361849 or CV9202) encoding six NSCLC-associated antigens, including New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1), MAGE-C1, MAGE-C2, survivin, 5T4, and Mucin-1), to induce targeted immune responses in combination with local radiation treatment [313]. Here, MUC1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.