Previous studies have demonstrated TSPO ligands inhibit detrimental inflammatory profiles in microglia, including in response to LPS [14, 46], while in vivo neuroprotective effects linked to immune modulation by TSPO ligands have been described in other models of injury including a model of Parkinson’s disease [23] and retinal degeneration [43]. The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is retinal degeneration.