A positive correlation of incidence of ALS with early onset type 1 diabetes has been reported (Mariosa et al., 2015), and insulin and IGF-1 have been reported to be decreased in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients (Bilic et al., 2006), although the relevance of these findings to disease progression are unclear and confirmation in larger cohorts will be necessary. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.