RAS and RAF mutations being the most prevalent oncogenic mutations in human cancers; BRAF mutations are reported in 7% of cancers but V600E alone accounts for more than 85% BRAF mutations in melanoma, about 50% in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and more than 95% in cholangiocarcinoma and hairy cell leukemia (23). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is hairy cell leukemia.