VCAM1 and endothelial dysfunction: We further evaluated the genetic susceptibility of iAs exposure and subsequent CVD risk, i.e. if the cardiovascular effects of iAs exposure differs due to the polymorphic variations in genes responsible for iAs methylation (AS3MT rs10748835), oxidative stress (NOS3 rs3918181, rs3918188; and SOD2 rs2758331) and inflammation/endothelial dysfunction (ICAM1 rs281432 and VCAM1 rs3176867) within CVD patients.