To clarify the role of oxytocin within the prostate, we utilised a cohort of human primary prostate specimens to investigate the effects of exogenous oxytocin on both the proliferation and contractility of the prostate, and examine the suitability of atosiban, a commonly clinically utilised OXTR antagonist, as a potential BPH pharmacotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene OXTR and benign prostatic hyperplasia.