As age, prostate volume and BPH progression are so intrinsically linked2, there is a causality dilemma in our findings; while the majority of our findings are an assessment of prostate tissue function in the presence of oxytocin and an OXTR, the age and prostate enlargement in our cohort means the relevance of our findings to the BPH disease state are significant. The gene discussed is OXT; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.