TNF and serum lipopolysaccharide activity: Moreover, LA5 improved gut permeability defect (gut leakage) and leaky gut-induced systemic inflammation as indicated by FITC-dextran assay, ZO-1tight junction protein, endotoxemia, colon mucin production (gene expression of muc2) and serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) (Fig. 3A–H).