RET and differentiated thyroid carcinoma: Furthermore, studies have shown that RET binds to β-catenin, inducing tyrosine phosphorylation, which enhances the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin to increase the cell growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in vitro and in vivo [23,24]; The downregulation of RET induced by miR-449 inactivated β-catenin-mediated transcription, cell proliferation, and transformation of PTC [25].