HGF secreted by CAFs can combine with the MET receptor to activate the PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways, which is responsible for the resistance of BRAF inhibitors or EGFR inhibitors to glioblastoma, colon cancer, and melanoma (Thomasset et al., 1998; Luraghi et al., 2014; Fiori et al., 2019). Here, AKT1 is linked to colonic neoplasm.