HPGDS and Infertility: Several studies reported the association between male idiopathic subfertility or infertility and some null genotypes of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) (Aydos et al., 2009; Safarinejad et al., 2010; Vani et al., 2010; Tang et al., 2012; Kan et al., 2013; Lakpour et al., 2013; Song et al., 2013; Kolesnikova et al., 2017).