TNF and bacterial infectious disease: Routine blood tests and serological indicators, such as white blood cells (WBC), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), have been assessed to diagnose bacterial infections in a short period (Marshall et al., 2003; Ospina et al., 2017; Thamphiwatana et al., 2017).