EPO and kidney disorder: The National Kidney Foundation’s Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) and other relevant Chinese guidelines all recommend that HD patients should maintain Hb levels of 100 g/L, and iron-deficient patients should use iron and erythropoietin to achieve this level (National Kidney F, 2015; Adequate Hemodialysis Work Group of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, 2015).