CSF2 and melanoma: In two randomized Phase-II trials in clinical stage-1/2 melanoma patients, we have shown that this intradermal administration of one or two doses of the TLR9 agonist CPG7909 (CpG-B), with or without GM-CSF, in the week leading up to the SLN procedure, resulted in enhanced LNR-cDC activation and melanoma antigen-specific T-cell responses in both the SLN and in peripheral blood (39, 41–43).