AKT1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Other studies showed lower expression of immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10 by SLE BM-MSCs because of abnormal activation of several JAK-STAT, p53/p21, PTEN/Akt, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways (59–61).