CXCL13 and HIV-1 infection: Studies addressing quantitative serum or plasma CXCL13 measurements reported (Table 1), overall, show an increase of plasmatic CXCL13 levels in children and adults following HIV-1 infection; additional studies are, however, needed to assess CXCL13 levels longitudinally in seroconverted HIV-1 individuals with plasma specimens available prior to infection.