Upregulated genes include Alox5, which encodes an enzyme that is involved in the generation of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators in MS and EAE (52), genes involved in positive regulation of toll-like receptor and IL-1-receptor signaling pathways (Suz12, Lbp, Tab2, Card9), monocyte/T cell clustering (53) (Atrn), and genes in pathways previously implicated to be pro-inflammatory in microglia (Wnt, Camp, Spn) (54–56) (Supplementary Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene CARD9 and myeloid sarcoma.