TLR4 and epilepsy: HMGB1-TLR4/NF-κB interaction might play a crucial role in facilitating the neuroprotective effects in the experimental models of seizures, suggesting that overexpression of HMGB1 might activates TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and might be beneficial for the treatment of neurological disorders including epilepsy (Maroso et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2010).