Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induce the activation of NF-κB and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrindomain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (Bauernfeind et al., 2009), which activate caspase 1 and result processing and secretion of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α in the hippocampus of aged mice and cognitive impairments (Fu et al., 2020). Here, NLRP3 is linked to Cognitive impairment.