For example, based on the fact that innate and adaptive immune processes are involved in medium- and large-vessel vasculitis (Weyand and Goronzy, 2003), SAMHD1, which is known to act as an immunomodulator in different viral infections and proinflammatory responses (Rice et al., 2009), is thought to be associated with cerebral vasculopathy and early onset stroke (Xin et al., 2011). The gene discussed is SAMHD1; the disease is viral infectious disease.