NAIP and infection: Finally and most importantly, while some studies have shown that NAIP/NLRC4 elicits gut tissue inflammation upon microbial insult,30,37,39 others in fact observed exacerbated inflammation and more pronounced tissue destruction in mice lacking NLRC4,28,49,53 or an executor Caspase.33,34,54 It is unclear whether these seeming contradictions can be explained by analysis within different time-frames of the infection, or rather that they reflect differences between experimental models.