NLRC4 and infection: Previous work has shown that epithelial NAIP/NLRC4 can promote the expulsion of infected enterocytes and restrict both mucosal tissue and systemic pathogen loads.37,39,48,49 Here, we extend these findings and demonstrate that locally acting epithelium-autonomous NAIP/NLRC4 protects the epithelial barrier from collapse during mature stages of the infection (Fig S10).