Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) have been utilized as immune-related biomarkers for disease progression in breast cancer patients22–24 and in the 4T1-based immunocompetent intraductal mouse model for TNBC15,16,18. The gene discussed is CHI3L1; the disease is breast cancer.