One of the most important cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of BPD is transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a multifunctional cytokine that activates fibroblast differentiation into myofibroblasts, regulates wound healing, and can control cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis (Martin et al., 2016). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is bronchopulmonary dysplasia.