AIRE and autoimmune disease: However, a recent study reported that the APECED mouse model 4 (Hubert et al., 2009; Table 1) does have IFNα2a, IL-17 and IL-22-neutralizing autoantibodies (Kärner et al., 2013); and, whereas APECED remains a life-threatening autoimmune disease in humans, Aire-deficient mice have a life expectancy that matches that of their WT littermates, despite their organ-specific autoimmunity.