AIRE and cancer: Indeed, it has been shown that some tumor-associated antigens are AIRE-dependent and that immune responses to tumors are stronger in Aire-deficient mice (Bakhru et al., 2017; Malchow et al., 2013a,b; Träger et al., 2012), indicating that the widespread expression of a corrected AIRE gene in patients could increase the risk of an APECED patient to develop cancer.