More recently, a study suggested that CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) activates the GSK3β/β-catenin/TCF21 signaling pathway through CXCR4, a specific receptor for CXCL12, inhibiting cholesterol efflux from macrophages and promoting atherosclerosis (34). This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and atherosclerosis.