In prediabetes, type 1 and type 2 DM, plasma levels of MBL, MASP-1 and MASP-2 are elevated, and animal models have shown that MASP-1 levels rise just before the onset of DM symptoms (Jenny et al., 2015a; Krogh et al., 2017; Huang et al., 2019; Huth et al., 2019). The gene discussed is MBL2; the disease is diabetes mellitus.