KDM5A and Down syndrome: One class of ID-associated chromatin modifiers is the lysine demethylase 5 (KDM5) family of transcriptional regulators, with mammals encoding four KDM5 paralogs: KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, and KDM5D. Loss-of-function mutations in KDM5A, KDM5B, and KDM5C are associated with ID, with genetic variants in KDM5C associated with a disorder known as mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, Claes–Jensen type (MRXSCJ, OMIM# 300534).key.