Several putative clinical factors (hypertension and proteinuria)20, tissue markers (VEGF-A, VEGFR2, c-Met)16,21,22, circulating biomarkers (MMP2)23, imaging perfusion and diffusion maps24 and molecular markers (EGFR, Proneural subtype)25–27 have been investigated, although they lack validation and confirmation among studies. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is hypertensive disorder.