Recent clinic studies have also demonstrated that PD-L1 was highly expressed in the tumor cells from PPLELC patients, and patients with positive PD-L1 expression have better performance status (PS) and overall survival rates compared with those with negative PD-L1 expression when treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.[12–15] However, at present, there are only few large-sample studies on the first-line treatment of PPLELC with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, and most of them are second-line treatment case reports and small-sample studies. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.