GPT and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: According to previous studies, increased AST and ALT levels indicate hepatocellular injury, and increased ALP indicates cholestatic injury.[27,28] Additionally, serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) has been considered a surrogate marker of NAFLD-induced oxidative stress and hepatocellular damage.[29] Our univariate analysis revealed that T2DM patients with NAFLD displayed significantly higher levels of total protein, albumin, ALT, as well as natural log of AST, ALP, and GGT than T2DM patients without NAFLD (Table 1).